Background
The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins regulates programmed cell death triggered by various stimuli. All IAPs have at least one baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) motif that is essential for their anti-apoptotic activity. Recently, Kasof and Gomes (1), Vucic et al. (2) and Ashhab et al. (3) have identified a novel human inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family member termed Livin or ML-IAP, which contains a single baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domain and a COOH-terminal RING finger domain. Livin gene has two splicing variants that contain open reading frames of 298 and 280 amino acids and both contained a single copy of baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) and RING domain. Both of the isoforms inhibit TNFa induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Livin expression is low in adult tissues. It is relatively expressed at a higher level in developmental tissues and in many cancer cells.

Antigen
Recombinant human livin protein was used as immunogen.

Application Notes
1. The Livin antibody, clone 88C570 has been shown to recognize both Livin alpha (~39 kDa) and Livin beta (~37 kDa) isoforms (Nachmias et al, 2003). 2. The antibody also recognizes the 30 kDa (p30-Livin alpha) and 28 kDa (p28-Livin beta) apoptotic cleavage fragments of Livin alpha and beta, respectively (Nachmias et al, 2003). Apoptotic cleavage fragments of Livin have also been referred to as truncated livin (tLivin) (Nachmias et al, 2007). 3. The specificity of the antibody has been validated using Livin shRNA (Quiping et al, 2004).

Genebank Info (Protein)
NP_647478

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Reference
1. Vucic D, Stennicke HR, Pisabarro MT, Salvesen  GS, Dixit VM. Curr Biol 10 (21): 1359-66 (2000).
2. Kasof GM, Gomes BC. J Biol Chem 276(5):3238-46 (2001).
3. Ashhab Y, Alian A, Polliack A, Panet A, Yehuda DB. FEBS Lett 495(1-2): 56-60 (2001).

Product Citations
1. Induction of apoptosis in tumor cells by siRNA-mediated silencing of the livin/ML-IAP/KIAP gene. Crnkovic-Mertens I, F Hoppe-Seyler and K Butz. Oncogene 22, 8330–8336 (2003). IMGENEX antibodies cited: 1. Livin (IMG-347A) [WB, Fig.1B (MeWo melanoma, H1299 lung cancer, and HeLa cervical carcinoma cells)]. 
2. Smac/DIABLO Selectively Reduces the Levels of c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 but Not That of XIAP and Livin in HeLa Cells. J. Biol. Chem.279: 16963-16970 (2004). IMGENEX antibodies cited: 1. Livin (IMG- 347A) [WB, Fig 3B (HeLa cells) ].
3. Caspase-Mediated Cleavage Converts Livin from an Antiapoptotic to a Proapoptotic Factor:Implications for Drug-Resistant Melanoma. Boaz Nachmias, Yaqoub Ashhab, Vered Bucholtz, Olga Drize, Luna Kadouri, Michal Lotem, Tamar Peretz, Ofer Mandelboim and Dina Ben-Yehuda. Cancer Research 63, 6340-6349(2003). IMGENEX antibodies cited: mAB-Livin (IMG-347A) [WB, Fig 1A (MeWo cells) ], [WB, Fig 2ABCD ( Jurkat T-cell leukemia/lymphoma cells) ], [WB, Fig 3CD (breast cancer cells, MCF-7) ], [WB, Fig 6AC, 7AC, (melanoma cell line) ].
4. CC Chemokine Ligand 25 Enhances Resistance to Apoptosis in CD4+ T Cells from Patients with T-Cell Lineage Acute and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia by Means of Livin Activation. Zhang Qiuping, Xiong Jei, Jin Youxin, Ju Wei, Liu Chun, Wang Jin, Wu Qun, Liu Yan, Hu Chunsong, Yang Mingzhen, Gao Qingping, Zhang Kejian, Sun Zhimin, Li Qun, Liu Junyan, and Tan Jinquan. Cancer Res., 64: 7579-7587 (2004).  IMGENEX antibodies cited:  mAB-Livin (IMG-347A) [WB, Fig 2BC (CD4 and CD8 double-positive thymocytes, T-All and T-CLL CD4+ T cells, and MOLT4 cells.) ],  [WB, Fig 3C-E]
5. Livin promotes Smac/DIABLO degradation by ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. L Ma, Y Huang, Z Song, S Feng, X Tian, W Du, X Qiu, K Heese, M Wu. Cell Death and Differentiation (26 May 2006) Original Article. IMGENEX antibodies cited: 1.  mAB-Livin (IMG-347A) [WB, Fig 1ABC, Fig 2A, Fig 4B (HeLa cells) ].
6. Isoform-specific silencing of the Livin gene by RNA interferference defines Livin B as key mediator of apoptosis inhibition in HeLa cells. Crnkovic-Mertens I, J Semzow, F Hoppe-Seyler, and K Butz. J Mol Med 84:232-240. (WB)
7. Expression of inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein family members in malignant mesothelioma. Lilach Kleinberg , Agnes Kathrine Lie, Vivi Ann Flørenes, Jahn M. Nesland and Ben DavidsonHuman Pathology, (38): 986-994 (2007). WB (frozen effusions from patients with malignant mesothelioma, WM35 human melanoma cells), Fig 1.
8. Silencing liven gene by siRNA leads to apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and proliferation inhibition in malignant melanoma LiBr cells.  Wang H, S-s Tan, X-y Wang, D-h Liu, C-s Yu, Z-l Bai, D-l He, J Zhao.  Acta Pharmacol Sin. 12: 1968-1974 (2007).  WB (malignant melanoma human cell line LiBr), Fig 1B (siRNA validated).
9. Subcellular localization determines the delicate balance between the anti- and pro-apoptotic activity of Livin.  Nachmias B, I Lazar, M Elmalech, I Abed-El-Rahaman, Y Asshab, O Mandelboim, Y Asshab, O Mandelboim, R Perlman, D Ben-Yehuda. Apoptosis 12:1129-1142 (2007).  WB (Figs. 2, 4b, c; 5c, 6a); IF/ICC (Fig 6b, c).  Notes: 1. Cells transfected with Livin full-length and truncated constructs were used in this study (all Figures)  2. The antibody is transfected validated by WB for recognition of Livin a, p30-Livin a, Livin b, p28-Livin b (WB, Fig 2) and by IF for p28-Livin b (Fig 6b, c).
10. Small molecule XIAP inhibitors cooperate with TRAIL to induce apoptosis in childhood acute leukemia cells and overcome Bcl-2-mediated resistance. Fakler M, S Loeder, M Vogler, K Schneider, I Jeremias, KDebatin, S Fulda. Blood 113: 1710-1722 (2009). WB (human leukemia cell lines), Fig. 1A.
11. The oncolytic activity of newcastle disease virus NDV-HUJ on chemoresistant primary melanoma cells is dependent on the proapoptotic activity of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein livin.  Lazar I, B Yaacov, T Shiloach, E Eliahoo, L Kadouri, M Lotem, R Perlman, Z Zakay-Rones, A Panet, D Ben-Yehuda. J Virol 84:639-646 (2010).  WB (primary human melanoma cells); Figs 1a, 2, 3, 4a. Note: The specificity of the livin antibody was validated using livin siRNA in Fig 4a. 
12. Selectively frequent expression of CXCR5 enhances resistance to apoptosis in CD8+CD34+ T cells from patients with T-cell-lineage acute lymphocytic leukemia. Zhang Qiuping, Xiong Jie, Jin Youxin, Wu Qun, Ju Wei, Liu Chun, Wang Jin, Liu Yan, Hu Chunsong, Yang Mingzhen, Gao Qingping, Li Qun, Zhang Kejian, Sun Zhimin, Liu Junyan, Tan Jinquan. Oncogene 24, 573-584 (2005). IMGENEX antibodies cited: mAB-Livin (IMG-347A) [WB, Fig 6D (T-CLL CD8+ CD34+ T cells, a lymphocytic leukemia cell line) ].