Background
The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in mammals comprise a family of transmembrane proteins characterized by multiple copies of leucine rich repeats in the extracellular domain and an IL-1 receptor motif in the cytoplasmic domain. Like its counterparts in Drosophila, TLRs signal through adaptor molecules (1). The TLR family is a phylogenetically conserved mediator of innate immunity that is essential for microbial recognition (2). Ten human homologs of TLRs (TLR1-10) have been described (3). TLR2 is differentially expressed in human cells. TLR2 is expressed in tonsils, lymph nodes, and appendices, activated B-cells in germinal centers. CD14+ monocytes expressed the highest level of TLR2 followed by CD15+ granulocytes, and CD19+ B-cells, CD3+ T-cells, and CD56+ NK cells did not express TLR2. The expression of TLR2 in different cell types is regulated by different immune response modifiers. For example, LPS, GM-CSF, IL-1, and IL-10 up regulates TLR2 whereas IL-4, IFN-gamma, and TNF down regulate TLR2 expression in monocytes (4).

Application Notes
This antibody was raised against the extracellular domain of mouse TLR2.  It will cross-react with human TLR2.

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Reference
1. Chuang TH and Ulevitch RJ.   Eur Cytokine Netw 11(3): 372-378 (2000).
2. Muzio M, Natoli G, Saccani S, Levrero M, and Mantovani A. J. Exp. Med. 187: 2097-2101 (1998).
3. Medzhitov R and Janeway CA. Cell 91: 295-298 (1997).
4. Chuang TH and Ulevitch RJ. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1518 (1-2): 157-161 (2001).

Product Citations
1. IL-17 induces monocyte migration in rheumatoid arthritis.  Shahrara S, S Pickens, A Dorfleuntner, R Pope. Journal of Immunology 182: 3884-3891 (2009). FA (neutralization), mouse monocytes, Fig. 6E.
2. PE_PGRS antigens of mycobacterium tuberculosis induce maturation and activation of human dendritic cells. Bansal Kushagra, S Elluru, Y Narayana, R Chaturvedi, S Patil, S Kaveri, J Bayry, K Balaji. J Immuno 184: 3495-3504 (2010). IMGENEX products cited: The following antibodies were used for WB in Fig 4B, 4C using HEK-293 cells transiently transfected with TLR2 or TLR2 dominant negative constructs: 1. TLR1 (IMG-5012), 2. TLR2 IMG-(6320A), 3. TLR4 (IMG-577), 4.TLR6 (IMG-527).Note: TLR2 was transfected validated in Fig 4B. 
3.  Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition but not beta-adrenergic stimulation suppresses tumor necrosis factor alpha release in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in septic shock. Link A, S Selejan, C Maack, M Lenz, M Bohm. Crit Care 12: R159 (2008). IMGENEX products cited: 1. TLR4/CD284 (IMG-5031C): Flow (cell surface), human CD14+ monocytes derived from healthy donors stimulated with increasing concentrations of LPS (lipopolysaccharide). 2. TLR2/CD282 (IMG-6320C): Flow (cell surface),  human CD14+ monocytes derived from healthy donors stimulated with increasing concentrations of SEB (Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin).