IMGENEX has just released over 150 new neurobiology, phosphospecific, and cell development antibodies targeting many different protein families. These include antibodies against SMAD, AKT, Neurofilament, GABAa, Tyrosine Hydroxylase, NMDA, GAPDH, and Synapsin to name a few. We have over 50 phosphospecific antibodies, many neuroscience specific. Click to view our complete list of Neurobiology-related products or download our Neurobiology brochure. This PDF file contains western blot and immunofluorescence data on select neurobiology products.
Western blot analysis of SMAD7 in 30 ug of HepG2 cell lysate using IMG-3015 at 2 ug/ml.
Western blot analysis of SMAD6 in 30 ug of Jurkat cell lysate using IMG-555 at 2 ug/ml.
Western blot analysis of SMAD4 in 15 ugs of A549 cell lysate using IMG-565 at 2 ug/ml.
The SMAD proteins belong to a family of intracellular proteins that are important for the transmission of TGF-beta signals from the cell surface to the nucleus. SMADs can be divided into receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs: SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD5, SMAD8 and SMAD9), common-mediator SMAD (co-SMAD: SMAD4), and inhibitory SMADs (I-SMADs: SMAD6 and SMAD7). SMAD regulated gene expression leads to TGF-beta-dependent cellular responses including the inhibition of cell proliferation. TGF-beta-mediated apoptosis plays an important part during tissue formation and remodeling and during the phase of ontogenetic neuronal death.
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors belonging to the TGF-beta superfamily. SMAD family members are involved in the BMP signaling pathways which regulate cell determination and differentiation in the embryonic nervous system. BMPs exert their biologic effects via binding to two types of serine/threonine kinase BMP receptors which, when activated, leads to phosphorylation and subsequent translocation into the nucleus of intracellular signaling molecules including SMAD1, SMAD5, and SMAD8. Upon stimulation with BMP, SMAD1, SMAD5, and SMAD8 are phosphorylated by the activated BMP receptors and form a complex with SMAD4. This complex translocates to the nucleus, where it regulates the expression of BMP target genes.
